Here you can find essential tools and information to help expectant parents and healthcare providers reduce the risk of prenatal infections, including group B Streptococcus (GBS). This page offers valuable resources to guide safe practices and informed decision-making throughout pregnancy. Whether you're looking for educational materials or strategies for preventing infections, we are here to support you in ensuring the health and safety of both mother and baby. Explore the resources below to learn more about prevention methods, screening options, and best practices in prenatal care.
February is International Prenatal Infection Prevention Month | View Toolkit
Remember the basic steps of helping prevent prenatal infections. View PDF
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Prenatal Infection Prevention poster. View PDF
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Prenatal Infection Prevention companion handout, perfect for posting on bulletin boards! View PDF
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Is GBS only a concern at birth? GBS is a concern during pregnancy and after birth! View PDF
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5 Knowledge-based strategies to help prevent POGBS disease. View PDF
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View our presentation on "Primary prevention of prenatal infection using the mnemonic "HYGIENE""
This presentation is from the Prenatal Infection Prevention Symposium.
Awareness as the first step to prevention: prenatal infection and stillbirth
A post from the Stillbirth Advocacy Working Group stillbirths series by Amy Perhach
A post from the Stillbirth Advocacy Working Group stillbirths series by Amy Perhach
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International Prenatal Infection Prevention Month with Dr. Jamie McGregor — “Doctors of the USA welcomes Dr. Jamie McGregor, a retired Ob/Gyn/infectious disease specialist on the Group B Strep International board, an internationally known clinician and expert consultant, to talk about the epidemiology of GBS. Listen in as he shares how it can be prevented and the treatment options available.
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Video by Dr. James A. McGregor:
“Ultrasound Illustration of the Functional Connectedness of the Lower and Upper Reproductive Tracts.” |
The ultrasound clips in this footage illustrate how active uterine transport, also known as “up-suck”, can help infectious microorganisms cross the mouth of the womb and even intact membranes. This is significant as it demonstrates how invasive procedures such as membrane stripping can transport infectious microorganisms into the lower uterine segment potentially causing intrauterine infection and death in unborn babies.
The following slides have key subtitles for the ultrasound clips in the above video for those unfamiliar with uterine ultrasounds:
PowerPoint presentation by GBSI: "Key Subtitles for Ultrasound Illustration of the Functional Connectedness of the Lower and Upper Reproductive Tracts.”
The following slides have key subtitles for the ultrasound clips in the above video for those unfamiliar with uterine ultrasounds:
PowerPoint presentation by GBSI: "Key Subtitles for Ultrasound Illustration of the Functional Connectedness of the Lower and Upper Reproductive Tracts.”
the role of vaginal health
“A Call to Action: Vaginal pH Level and its Role in Women’s Health and Safety”.
PowerPoint presentation by Dr. James C. Caillouette,
This presentation is also available as a PDF.
Self-Care-Program for pregnant women. Learn how to help prevent premature births and identify the risk of vaginal infection.
Prof. Erich Saling MD FRCOG, Jürgen Lüthje MD and Monika Schreiber MD Institute for Perinatal Medicine, Berlin, Germany (Translation into English: Amos Grunebaum MD FACOG, Cornell University, New York).
“Indication for use of vaginal pH test in U.S. by women who have normal menstrual periods or who may currently be pregnant.”
A prospective study of vaginal pH as a predictor of preterm delivery
A. Jazayeri, H. Arnold, M. K. Jazayeri and W. N. Spellacy Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2002, Vol. 11, No. 1, Pages 30-33
Ob-gyns call for BV screening Bacterial vaginosis link to early labor is confirmed Denise Mann, Medical Tribune, Obstetrician and Gynecologist Edition, January 25, 1996, Volume 3, Number 2 2002, Vol. 11, No. 1, Pages 30-33
Prenatal Infection and Schizophrenia: A Review of Epidemiologic and Translational Studies. Alan S. Brown, M.D., M.P.H., and Elena J. Derkits, B.A. 01, March 2010.
Vaginal pH Self-Screening as a KISS Regimen in Prevention of Early Preterm Birth.
Udo B. Hoyme. EMJ Gyn Obs. 2012:1:44-47.
BV Increases Risk for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Nancy Monson. Modern Medicine Network. 2, November 2017.
Women's Impression of BV Episodes, Recurrences, and Care
Nancy Monson. Modern Medicine Network. 2, November 2017.
Reduced incidence of early preterm birth in the State of Thuringia following an intravaginal pH-self-monitoring screening program
Hoyme, U.B., Hesse, M. Arch Gynecol Obstet 302, 1–4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05574-7
PowerPoint presentation by Dr. James C. Caillouette,
This presentation is also available as a PDF.
Self-Care-Program for pregnant women. Learn how to help prevent premature births and identify the risk of vaginal infection.
Prof. Erich Saling MD FRCOG, Jürgen Lüthje MD and Monika Schreiber MD Institute for Perinatal Medicine, Berlin, Germany (Translation into English: Amos Grunebaum MD FACOG, Cornell University, New York).
“Indication for use of vaginal pH test in U.S. by women who have normal menstrual periods or who may currently be pregnant.”
A prospective study of vaginal pH as a predictor of preterm delivery
A. Jazayeri, H. Arnold, M. K. Jazayeri and W. N. Spellacy Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2002, Vol. 11, No. 1, Pages 30-33
Ob-gyns call for BV screening Bacterial vaginosis link to early labor is confirmed Denise Mann, Medical Tribune, Obstetrician and Gynecologist Edition, January 25, 1996, Volume 3, Number 2 2002, Vol. 11, No. 1, Pages 30-33
Prenatal Infection and Schizophrenia: A Review of Epidemiologic and Translational Studies. Alan S. Brown, M.D., M.P.H., and Elena J. Derkits, B.A. 01, March 2010.
Vaginal pH Self-Screening as a KISS Regimen in Prevention of Early Preterm Birth.
Udo B. Hoyme. EMJ Gyn Obs. 2012:1:44-47.
BV Increases Risk for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Nancy Monson. Modern Medicine Network. 2, November 2017.
Women's Impression of BV Episodes, Recurrences, and Care
Nancy Monson. Modern Medicine Network. 2, November 2017.
Reduced incidence of early preterm birth in the State of Thuringia following an intravaginal pH-self-monitoring screening program
Hoyme, U.B., Hesse, M. Arch Gynecol Obstet 302, 1–4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05574-7
The role of the microbiome
The perinatal microbiome and pregnancy.
AL Prince, K Aagaard. Cold Spring Herb Perspect Med. 2016;5.
Maternal microbiome – a pathway to preterm birth.
AE Vinturache et al. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2016;21:94-9.
Partial restoration of microbiota of Cesarean born infants via microbial transfer.
MG Dominguez-Belle et al. Nat Med 2016;22:250-3.
Microbiome in parturition and preterm birth.
I Umysovekar, B Cao. Semin Repro Med 2014;32:50-55.
Microbial changes during pregnancy, birth and infancy.
M Nuriel et al. Front Microbiol 2016.
Analysis of meconium bacterial microbiota in healthy term infants born vaginally or by Cesarean section.
R Nagpal et al. Front Micro 2016;7:1977.
Transforming life: developmental origins.
SL Prescott, AC Logan. IJERPH 2016;1075.
Planting the seed: Origins composition and postnatal health significance of the fetal gastrointestinal microbiota.
LF Stinson, MS Payne, JA Keelan. Critical Reviews in Microbiology Dec 2016.
Formulation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota on their impact on human metabolism.
DJ Morrison, T Drosten. Gut Microbiome 2016;7:189-200.
The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease.
SV Lynch, O Pedersen. NEJM 2016; 375:2369-2372.
AL Prince, K Aagaard. Cold Spring Herb Perspect Med. 2016;5.
Maternal microbiome – a pathway to preterm birth.
AE Vinturache et al. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2016;21:94-9.
Partial restoration of microbiota of Cesarean born infants via microbial transfer.
MG Dominguez-Belle et al. Nat Med 2016;22:250-3.
Microbiome in parturition and preterm birth.
I Umysovekar, B Cao. Semin Repro Med 2014;32:50-55.
Microbial changes during pregnancy, birth and infancy.
M Nuriel et al. Front Microbiol 2016.
Analysis of meconium bacterial microbiota in healthy term infants born vaginally or by Cesarean section.
R Nagpal et al. Front Micro 2016;7:1977.
Transforming life: developmental origins.
SL Prescott, AC Logan. IJERPH 2016;1075.
Planting the seed: Origins composition and postnatal health significance of the fetal gastrointestinal microbiota.
LF Stinson, MS Payne, JA Keelan. Critical Reviews in Microbiology Dec 2016.
Formulation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota on their impact on human metabolism.
DJ Morrison, T Drosten. Gut Microbiome 2016;7:189-200.
The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease.
SV Lynch, O Pedersen. NEJM 2016; 375:2369-2372.
The role of oral health
Influence of Vitamin D on Periodontal Inflammation: A Review
Dental Care Guide for Pregnant Women & Babies
Dr. Jay Khorsandi, DDS December 27, 2021
A Complete Guide to Dental Care and Pregnancy
Emergency Dentist USA
Acute Chorioamnionitis at Term Caused by the Oral Pathogen Fusobacterium Nucleatum
Bohrer J, Kamemoto L, Almeida P, et al. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2012 Oct; 71)10): 280-281.
Dental Care Guide for Pregnant Women & Babies
Dr. Jay Khorsandi, DDS December 27, 2021
A Complete Guide to Dental Care and Pregnancy
Emergency Dentist USA
Acute Chorioamnionitis at Term Caused by the Oral Pathogen Fusobacterium Nucleatum
Bohrer J, Kamemoto L, Almeida P, et al. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2012 Oct; 71)10): 280-281.
the role of chemicals
Agricultural pesticide use and adverse birth outcomes in the San Joaquin Valley of California
Ashley E. Larson, Nature Communications, Article number: 302(2017).
Ashley E. Larson, Nature Communications, Article number: 302(2017).
the role of sexual transmission
Lyme Disease May Be Sexually Transmitted, Study Suggests
Guinnevere Stevens PRWEB. Jan. 25, 2014.
The Regulation of Inflammatory Pathways and Infectious Disease of the Cervix by Seminal Fluid.
Adefuye A, Anthony Katz A, Jason Sales K. Patholog Res Int. 2014; 2014: 748740.
Guinnevere Stevens PRWEB. Jan. 25, 2014.
The Regulation of Inflammatory Pathways and Infectious Disease of the Cervix by Seminal Fluid.
Adefuye A, Anthony Katz A, Jason Sales K. Patholog Res Int. 2014; 2014: 748740.
The role of verticle transmission
Potential vertical transmission of Oropouche virus during the current outbreak
Samara, Athina et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 24, Issue 11, e668 - e669
Samara, Athina et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 24, Issue 11, e668 - e669
The Role of Harmful Microorganisms
The infectious origins of stillbirth.
Goldenberg RL, Thompson C. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(3):861–873. doi:10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00470-8
Goldenberg RL, Thompson C. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(3):861–873. doi:10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00470-8
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
dENGUE
Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Dengue Fever in Pregnancy (abstract) TV, Chitra, S. Panicker. J Vector Borne Dis. 2011 Dec;48(4):210-3 E. COLI
Retail meat consumption and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections: a case-control study Manges, AR, et al. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2007 Winter;4(4):419-31. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0026. Escherichia coli Strains from Pregnant Women and Neonates: Intraspecies Genetic Distribution and Prevalence of Virulence Factors. Watt S, Lanotte P, Mereghetti L. et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 May; 41(5): 1929–1935. Women with symptoms of a urinary tract infection but a negative urine culture: PCR-based quantification of Escherichia coli suggests infection in most cases. Heytens S, De Sutter A, Coorevits L Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017 Sep;23(9):647-652. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 Apr 28. INFLUENZA
Should I give the Flu Shot to My Pregnant Patients?
By Heather S Lipkind MD MS, David A Savitz PhD, Modern Medicine Network, 22 Nov. 2017 Influenza During Pregnancy Linked to Increased Risk of Childhood Seizures EMJ | October 14th 2024 ORal pathogen fusobacterium Nucleatum
Acute Chorioamnionitis at Term Caused by the Oral Pathogen Fusobacterium Nucleatum Bohrer J, Kamemoto L, Almeida P, et al. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2012 Oct; 71)10): 280-281. streptococcus Porcinus
Studies on biochemical, serological and further characteristic of Streptococcus porcinus. Lammler C, Cirak N, Smola J. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1998 May; 45(4):235-43. ticks
Lyme Disease May Be Sexually Transmitted, Study Suggests Guinnevere Stevens. PRWEB. Jan. 25, 2014. Of goats and men: rethinking anaplasmoses as zoonotic infections Andrea R Beyer and Jason A Carlyon. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Volume 15, No. 6. p619-620, June 2015. various pathogens
The role of infection in miscarriage Giakoumelou, S., Wheelhouse, N., Cuschieri, K., Entrican, G., Howie, S. E., & Horne, A. W. (2016). Human reproduction update, 22(1), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv041 Vector-born disease
Effect of climate change on vector-borne disease risk in the UK Medlock J. and Leach S.The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 23, March 2015. zoonotic Diseases
Zooontic Diseases: Pigeon Associated People Diseases Walter Webber, University of Nebraska. Avian Web. 1979. Citrobacter koseri
Second Trimester Fetal Loss Due to Citrobacter koseri Infection: A Rare Cause of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) Bonasoni MP, Comitini G, Pati M, Russello G, Vizzini L, Bardaro M, Pini P, Marrollo R, Palicelli A, Dalla Dea G, Carretto E. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Jan 10;12(1):159. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12010159. PMID: 35054326; PMCID: PMC8774530. Brucella
Immune Responses Potentially Involved in the Gestational Complications of Brucella Infection Zavattieri L, Muñoz González F, Ferrero MC, Baldi PC. Pathogens. 2023; 12(12):1450. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121450 |
The role of estimated placental volume (EPV) in healthy pregnancy outcomes:
View this presentation on
"How to Diagnose the Cause of Pregnancy Loss Using Placental Examination" from ICGBS 2020 |
Dr. Harvey Kliman, working with his father, mathematician Merwin Kliman, has developed a technique to measure Estimated Placental Volume (EPV) during pregnancy. This information has the potential to improve patients' prenatal care and pregnancy outcomes, as small placentas can lead to intrauterine growth restriction, and in severe cases, even intrauterine fetal demise.
More info on EPV |
For more information, order or download materials on group B strep disease awareness and prevention!